Although pornography addiction is not yet recognized as a medical illness, persons who view pornographic material in unhealthy quantities may experience intense cravings, avoidance of obligations, and destructive actions to satisfy their need to consider more porn.

The “triple A” effect of online pornography’s availability, affordability, and anonymity has been cited by several studies as a contributing factor to the phenomenon’s addictive potential. These factors might facilitate the development of an unhealthy dependence on pornographic media and make it challenging to cut back on viewing. Therapeutic options that address the adverse effects of excessive porn consumption are readily available, despite the lack of a precise definition or formal recognition of pornography addiction as a mental disorder.

Read on to find out about five therapy approaches that can help with the effects of problematic porn consumption.

• Altering One’s Manners

According to Dr. Daniel Sher, a clinical psychologist and sex therapy consultant with Invigor Medical in Washington, CBT can help patients become more self-aware and better manage their sexual health. CBT works by helping a person identify, examine, and modify habits of thinking and behaving that drive porn usage. She also uses “strategic questions” from motivational interviewing (MI) to push clients in the right direction. MI helps people weigh the benefits and drawbacks of their addiction and encourages them to make positive changes. As an additional aid, mindfulness can be of use. Science has proven that mindfulness may enable a person to take control of their urges when combined with therapy.

• Group Psychotherapy

Therapist Julia Alperovich of Sherman Oaks, California, discusses sexual addiction on her podcast “Undressing the Issue,” She suggests group therapy and personal healing traumas as treatment options. “Connecting with others and experiencing emotional intimacy is an excellent tool in helping a person with this form of addiction. To discover how a traumatic experience may have altered a person’s ability to feel safe opening up to others, “trauma-focused techniques are also effective. Check out porn addiction counseling near me.

• Hypnosis

London-based psychotherapist and hypnotherapist Venka de Rooij has successfully treated individuals with problematic porn consumption using several novel approaches. Hypnotherapy, for instance, employs techniques like guided meditation to induce a trance state in which the patient is more open to discussing more in-depth topics. Clinical hypnotherapy functions to identify the underlying reason for the addiction by tapping into the subconscious.

•  Developing Substitute Plans

If you take away someone’s addiction or coping strategy, you have to offer something back to assist that person in managing when life throws them a curve ball in the future so they do not relapse. Discovering something more meaningful to devote time to is one of the most successful treatments for overcoming a pornographic addiction.

Acquiring new habits can lead to development. Intrinsic motivation and potential upward mobility in life can be fostered by engaging in activities other than pornographic ones.

• Medication

Abnormally high levels of pornographic media consumption may respond to medication. Pharmaceutical therapies have centered on treating co-existing psychiatric problems and targeting hypersexual or compulsive sexual behaviors with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs.

Antidepressants known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) work by elevating serotonin levels, a neurotransmitter that mediates the transmission of impulses between brain cells that control our emotions. Animal studies support the use of SSRIs since they demonstrate a reduction in sexual activities in response to increases in serotonin.

However, counseling may still be the best option. While there isn’t yet a scientifically established treatment for pornography addiction, “most clinicians working with pornography addiction attempt to identify the maladaptive behavior and present prosocial, healthy alternatives.”

Choosing the right orthodontist is quite a big deal, whether the individual plans to use their services himself or for their children. Since everyone wants the best treatment available at a price that fits their budget, it is advisable to give enough time to research which Los Angeles orthodontist is best for their situation. Even many orthodontists offer consultations at little to no cost, allowing people to determine if they are the right fit before treatment. This article enumerates the top 5 factors that one can consider to choose the right orthodontist.

Experience and Education

Not every orthodontist has the best education and the most experience. Additionally, just because an orthodontist is well trained, it doesn’t mean he will be the right fit for every patient or treatment. Therefore, before booking an appointment with the Los Angeles orthodontist, inquire about his experience and education. Usually, the longer a healthcare professional provides orthodontic treatment, the more trained they will be, and thus, they will provide better services.

Reputation of orthodontist

It is no surprise that most patients undergoing orthodontic treatments are unbiased when sharing their views about a particular orthodontist. For instance, if a patient has had a bad experience with an orthodontist, they will usually let others know by posting reviews and testimonials. To learn about the reputation of an orthodontist, one can reach out to his past patients or read online reviews and patient testimonials on his website. Moreover, a reputed orthodontist might have received professional and business ratings from renowned organizations.

Types of treatments offered

With the advancement of orthodontic technology, the range of treatments offered by most orthodontists has become more expansive. If a person is looking for a specific treatment, like metal braces, dental implants, or Invisalign braces, it’s recommended to inquire if that treatment is offered by an orthodontist.

Office environment

When choosing a Los Angeles orthodontist, pay special attention to their office’s environment and atmosphere. Does the office maintain hygiene? Are the instruments being used for each patient’s treatment wrapped and sterilized? Furthermore, look for an office equipped with friendly, compassionate, and helpful staff that believes in treating a patient like a human rather than just a number.

Convenience

Orthodontic treatments are usually more demanding compared to regular dental check-ups. As with orthodontic treatment, patients might need to visit their orthodontist every few weeks to continue the treatment and monitor their progress. This is the reason that one should look for an office nearby their home that is convenient to visit. In addition to this, know the office hours and check if they match your personal schedule.

Conclusion

Orthodontic treatments can treat several dental issues. However, the quality and success rate of the treatment depends on choosing the right orthodontist. All an individual needs is a little patience and careful research, and he can find a local orthodontist offering professional, reliable, and convenient services while accommodating both his dental and financial circumstances. Before choosing a specific orthodontist, a person should consider consulting with multiple healthcare providers.

 

 

Responsible pet ownership starts with giving your pet the care they need. When adopting a pet, it’s critical to realize that you’re making sense of belonging to a furry family friend whose health and well-being rely primarily on you. You want to do whatever you can as a pet parent to take care of your animal; this includes carrying out routine, everyday tasks to keep them happy and healthy for more than just a decade of healthy and contented cats and dogs, these four ethical pet care suggestions into practice. Happily, the increased duty of bringing a furry child into the family is more than offset by the lasting joy, and affection pets bring into our hearts.

Regular trips to the best vets in Houston are the first step in responsible pet keeping. Your dog or cat needs to be examined at minimum once or thrice a year because of their shorter lifespans than humans. When your pet is young, depending on their immunization schedule, they may visit the vet more regularly. However, establishing and sustaining good pet health necessitates continuing these appointments as they age.

How to care for your pet: some tips

• Vaccinations

A key element of appropriate pet care is immunizing your animals. Make an appointment for immunization as soon as your new pet is settled in. The veterinarian will set up a vaccination program for your little dog or kitten on your initial appointment to safeguard them against illness and disease. Immunizations for dogs should be administered once you bring your puppy home for the first few months. Discuss the best time to plan that visit with your veterinarian when you go for your scheduled encounter.

• Appropriate pet food is required.

Pets need to be fed appropriately, so remember them always! Giving your pet too many treats or overfeeding him/her may result in being overweight, exacerbating existing health issues, including heart disease, kidney issues, and other conditions. Animals, like humans, require food tailored to their nutritional requirements. Cat meals are created to satisfy the dietary needs of cats, whereas dog foods are designed to fulfill those of dogs. They require special diets, which is significant.

Check for a healthy balance of protein, carbohydrates, and fats while selecting the best animal food. These are also crucial components of dog food, along with a lot of grain for the gastrointestinal system. In addition to choosing a formula for pet food suitable for your animal’s maturity, fitness, and level of physical activity, consult your veterinarian before moving your companion to a specialty diet.

• Residential Care

Your responsibility as the pet owner is to instill in your animals sound hygiene practices at home and when taking them to the veterinarian or pet groomer. Their overall health is maintained by washing their mouths, brushing their fur, and feeding them nutritious meals. Timetable maintenance and sanitary duties on your schedule to maintain a calendar for caring for your pet, and experiment with merging them until they become automatic. For example, relaxing massage after nail cutting.

• Socialization and Training

Ensuring your dog or cat are well, including appropriate socialization, is among the essential elements of responsible pet care. Although it’s ideal and most effective to start young, there is always time to pick up new skills. For any animal that you share your house with, toilet training comes first, followed by focusing on agility training. Exercise is crucial for both the physical and mental wellness of your cat. If you invest time in the internet, you already know that various animals enjoy playing.

Remember that these suggestions don’t simply apply during pet festivities; if you incorporate them into your regular pet parenting duties, you and your pets will benefit for a lifetime.

Hairpieces for men and women are a good alternative when hair transplant is not an option, which way to go when both are acceptable for your case?

For example, if you have lost hair after trauma or surgery, if radiation therapy for cancer has destroyed the hair follicle, or in cases of androgenic alopecia.

Which would be the best option?

We are going to evaluate each one, compare its use and duration in the short, medium and long term, the need for care and the prices to reach a conclusion.

• Use. Unlike wigs, hair transplants do not require a specific use. The new hair will simply begin to grow and we will take care of it just as we did before. In this sense, the transplant is much more comfortable and versatile than wigs.
• Duration. Even if you manage to extend its life, sooner or later, a wig with natural hair will have to be replaced with a new one. With the hair transplant you will not immediately have long hair, but as long as the hair grows you will not have to worry about expiration or deterioration of the results of the operation.
• Care. Hair transplant requires care after the operation. For a week or a couple of months you will have to pay attention to certain details and report alarm symptoms to avoid complications. Once the new grafts begin to grow, they will require the same care as your normal hair. For its part, the care of wigs with natural hair will always require effort and time to prolong its durability.
• Price. A wig costs at least 150 euros. A hair transplant can be found from 2000 euros. The prices depend on the clinic and the characteristics of the intervention. Keep in mind that a quality real hair wig will need to be replaced from time to time and could end up spending more in the long run than a hair implantation.

All these aspects must be taken into account when choosing an alternative custom hair system. If you choose to have a transplant, consider conducting an exhaustive search for information, to find a quality clinic and specialized professionals.

Wig or transplant: Which way to choose?

In conclusion, we can say that both the wig and the hair transplant are good alternatives. A wig with natural hair is the best option when this intervention is not indicated, mainly when the hair loss is reversible and temporary.

But in cases of irreversible alopecia, in which the use of hair transplant is applied, this will be a permanent result and with your own hair, which will make you feel totally natural.

More importantly, what you could be saving in the short term with men’s lace wig could end up being a bigger expense in the long term. Therefore, as long as it is indicated for your type of baldness, a hair transplant will be a cheaper and more permanent alternative.

So then, What Is The Best Face Lift Procedure and what exactly does it involve? Well to determine what the best face lift procedure consists of you will have to first determine the type of face lift that you are wanting to receive. You may be surprised to know that there are many different options available and not all of them require having any surgery. There is the option of having a full face lift, a mini face lift and also a non-surgical face lift so the best procedure is the one that you feel will be the most beneficial to you.

A full face lift is quite an invasive surgery and it implies cutting and lifting parts of the face to help improve the smooth appearance of the skin. It basically does as the name suggests and it lifts and smooths the skin that is sagging and wrinkling in different areas around the face. There are more common areas that can be focused on but after the procedure has been carried out you will have a new and more youthful appearance with tighter looking skin. This is what you would be looking to achieve by having a full face lift procedure. There is a recovery period to a full face lift due to the extensive surgery but you will make a full recovery and once your bruising, swelling and soreness has reduced you will be able to reap the benefits of having a fresh and younger looking appearance.

The mini face lift is similar to the full face lift but again as is stated it is a smaller version of it. There are not as many areas on the face and neck covered by the mini face lift, however, it does help to nip in the areas that are more prone to wrinkling and sagging. The mini face lift still helps you to achieve a younger looking appearance and will help to smooth out your wrinkles. It is a less invasive procedure and the incisions that are made are smaller due to the nature of it but there is still a recovery period and swelling, bruising and soreness is still to be expected from the mini face lift. It may be called mini by name but the results that you achieve will eb anything but mini and you if you choose to have the smaller version of a face lift then there will be no disappointing outcomes.

A non surgical face lift is obviously not invasive at all and it helps to tighten your skin, this can be done with a single treatment which makes it more practical for people with a busy lifestyle. A non-surgical face lift works by stimulating your body’s natural renewal of collagen which creates subtle and more natural looking results. The majority of the tightening in the face will take place gradually over a period of time and the best results are seen usually after 6 months. You will achieve gradual and natural looking results compared to a more dramatic change that a surgical procedure can achieve.

It’s a known fact that most children like to stay active. This is true for both preschoolers and kids in grade school. Kids are typically full of energy that needs to be channeled in a certain way, be it in the park, in the gym, or at home. As a parent, you can find many ways to encourage and shape the way your kid uses physical activity. You want to stay informed about their development and whether they need some extra help.

This is where communicating with your kid’s teacher is crucial. Their role isn’t only to monitor their performance and discipline them. There are various important questions that you can ask to stay informed about your kid’s progress and keep everyone on the same page. Here are some of the questions for your kid’s teacher about their physical development:

What physical skills and skill combinations are being taught?

Depending on the age group, teachers will reinforce activities that develop a certain group of skills. For instance, for preschool kids, the emphasis is usually on gross-motor skills. This involves running, throwing, jumping, kicking, climbing, crawling, skipping obstacles. Of course, both elementary school kids and preschoolers need to develop fine motor skills as well. This usually involves drawing, cutting with scissors, using tools, writing. The PE class will generally focus on gross motor skills.

How do you evaluate students in PE class, and how often do you evaluate them?

One of the principal responsibilities of any teacher is to keep track of the performance of the class. While assessment might come with grades, it’s more important to identify areas where your kid can thrive and where he or she struggles. The grading system may encourage competition and boost self-esteem in some kids, all the while having an opposite effect in others.

Teachers should find creative ways to encourage the whole group to stay active and work on developing new skills. This way, everyone will have the chance to excel and have fun at the same time.

What is the balance of activities that you use to teach physical skills?

Experienced teachers and coaches know how to balance between activities in terms of intensity. Experts from a local fun park in Henderson recommend a healthy balance between gymnastics, problem-solving, dance, exploration, jumping, throwing, and other pursuits.

Is my kid struggling with physical activity?

If you’re in any doubt about your kid’s physical prowess, your teacher will openly tell you whether they’re shy, anxious, or struggling with a particular skill combination. In all such cases, they will recommend ways in which you can talk to your kid or exercise at home.

What is your approach if a child is struggling socially in PE class?

A huge part of physical activity in school is social. This can involve group warmups, group sports, such as soccer, football, volleyball, or basketball, dance practices, and many more. Your kid could struggle with fine motor coordination, or feel inadequate or out of place among his or her peers. It’s important to address this early on, so don’t fret about asking your kid’s teacher this question.

How can I reinforce physical skill development at home?

Homework isn’t only about math, English, and science class. Many kids can practice certain skills, such as throwing a ball, rolling, or skipping rope in their back yard or in a local park. Based on the curriculum and the performance of your kid, your teacher will tell you what skills to focus on. Normally, your kid might feel more encouraged to try out some new skill at home, under your supervision.

How can we stay in touch about my kid’s progress?

Normally, you can count on your kid’s teacher to give you a summary of important points during a 10-minute consultation. Of course, they can give you a written handout, or give you a call, if you need some quick advice and support while practicing with your kid.

The bottom line is to make the best decisions for your kid, avoid misunderstandings, and improve PE class attendance. This way, your can be sure that your child will thrive and find pleasure in staying active, developing life-long healthy habits, and a positive sense of self.

As your feet are among your body’s most hard working body parts, it’s crucial to take exceptional care of your feet. Especially as you age. To discover a few simple ways to show your feet love and care, simply continue reading.

Invest in high quality nail clippers:

It’s important to use high quality nail clippers to trim your toenails every week. As cheaper versions may cause damage to your nails.

File your nails after you clip them:

In order to avoid having freshly cut, sharp nails cut adjacent toes, it’s important to file your nails after you clip them. Also make sure to replace your nail files on a regular basis, in order to avoid potential toenail infection.

Massage hydrating lotion into your feet each day:

At the end of each day, it’s well worth massaging hydrating lotion into your feet each day. There are two reasons to do so. Firstly, the skin on your feet needs to be hydrated, especially if you are prone to experiencing rough, dry or flakey feet. Secondly, massaging your feet can boost much needed circulation to your feet and legs.

Use gel pads if you have corns or calluses:

If you have developed sore corns or calluses on your feet, it’s a great idea to use gel pads on your corns or calluses when you wear shoes, to prevent your corns or calluses from rubbing against the sides of your shoes and getting worse. The gel pads should also provide you with pain relief, if your corns or calluses are uncomfortable.

Ensure that your shoes are the right size:

One way to avoid developing corns and calluses in the first place is to ensure that your shoes are the right size. If you haven’t had a pair of shoes professionally fitted since you were a child, it is a great idea to do so.

Choose sneakers that provide extra arch support if your feet pronate:

If your feet turn either inwards or outwards when you walk, your feet pronate. Though there’s no need to be alarmed as the vast majority of individuals have feet that are either under pronate or over pronate. In either case, when it comes to buying sneakers, make sure to choose sneakers that provide extra arch support in order to counteract your pronation.

Visit a clinic if you require diabetic foot care:

Another way that you can look after your feet if you have diabetes is to visit a specialist foot care clinic that will be able to provide you with additional treatments to ensure that your feet remain healthy. If you require more info about diabetic foot care click here to learn about pressure sensor transmitters.

Visit a foot clinic if you are a senior:

If you’re retired you’ll also find it beneficial to visit a diabetic foot care clinic for expert advice on how to keep your feet healthy, so that you can keep as mobile as possible.

So if you want to show your hard working feet a lot of TLC, it’s well worth implementing all of the handy tips that are listed above in order to keep your feet happy and healthy!

 

Whether you already smoke THC, you are interested in trying out THC for the first time or you are representing a business which is looking to promote their business by offering free THC smoking accessories, you’ve come to the right place. Simply continue reading in order to discover a comprehensive list of some of the best THC smoking accessories which are currently available.

Best custom bic lighter:

It’s possible to get a bic lighter, which is arguably the easiest style of lighter which you can purchase, which has a custom design such as a business logo or a name on it. You can even order best custome bic lighter in a wide variety of different colors such as yellow, green, blue and red.

Rolling paper sets:

Individuals who smoke on a regular basis should always ensure that they have high quality rolling paper on hand, if they prefer to roll their own smokes. Rolling your own smokes is a particularly great idea if you want to save yourself money. If you’re interested you may find that your most cost effective route is to opt to purchase a set of high quality rolling papers that also features tips. As not all rolling paper sets offer tips.

Rolling trays:

If you have decided to invest in some rolling paper sets, it’s also a smart idea to purchase a rolling tray. Which will make it a whole lot easier to successfully and efficiently roll your smokes. Especially if you’re out and about. If you’re interested you can also opt to purchase a rolling tray which has an attractive custom print, that you’ll easily be able to identify as yours. Which is perfect if you tend to enjoy THC with friends and want to be able to easily identify your rolling tray.

Storage bags:

THC storage bags are often referred to as stash bags. There are a wide variety of stash bags or storage bags which are on the market. Some popular examples of which include backpacks that come with their own inbuilt combination locks as well as much smaller carrying cases which also offer built in combination locks. That will ensure that no one is able to access your stash bags or to steal your THC smokes without your permission.

Custom jars:

If you don’t plan on consuming THC products when you’re away from home, you can purchase custom jars to keep your THC products safe instead. Again, you can also order a custom THC jar, if you like the idea of having a unique, one of a kind THC jar. You can even opt to purchase a concentrate jar, if you purchase concentrated THC.

So regardless of whether you simply enjoy consuming THC products and see a lot of benefits associated with THC consumption or you are a business who wants to offer custom THC promotional products, you may be interested in purchasing some of the THC accessories listed above. Such as a bic lighter, a custom jar, a stash bag and a rolling tray and papers.

 

LA residents have a lot of choices when it comes to medical malpractice attorneys (like bruce g. fagel), but what should you expect from your attorney? So what do you want from your medical malpractice lawyer?

Some suggestions:

The first step in hiring an effective medical malpractice lawyer is selecting a law firm with experience and knowledge within the field. They must be well-versed in the laws, practices, and procedures necessary to take on a medical malpractice case.

You should be looking for a law firm that is well-respected by its colleagues and peers, one that has a proven history of successful results. In addition, you want an attorney employing the best resources available – modern technology and investigative techniques, access to expert witnesses, a legal staff knowledgeable in all areas of medical malpractice law.

The fees for a good attorney will vary based on the expertise he brings to the case and their level of success — but you do not want to select an attorney because of their fee structure. “We only charge if we win” is a red flag that this attorney is only in it for the money, not your case.

You want to find an attorney with high standards of ethical behavior and integrity. An honest, compassionate attorney will be honest with you about your case, what they can do for you, what is involved in litigation, and the time frame necessary to resolve your case.

Don’t settle! Your attorney should be looking out for your best interests, not theirs. Therefore, it is critical to make the right choice when selecting an attorney to represent you in your case — it could mean the difference between recovery and defeat, life or death.

What Makes a Good Malpractice Case?

A medical malpractice case involves a health care provider breaching the standard of care, resulting in injury to the patient. The injured party can be just about anyone – a child victim of birth trauma, an adult who has sustained an injury or lost a loved one due to negligence or error by a hospital or physician.

Filing a Medical Malpractice Case

When you file a medical malpractice case, you make a statement to all parties involved – the defendant (hospital or physician), the court, and your peers. Your primary role in a medical malpractice case is as a witness – your attorney will do the speaking for you.

To file a case, the defendant must have been negligent in their care of you, must have breached the standard of care, and that breach must have caused injury to you. In a medical malpractice case, the injured party can be either the patient or a surviving family member (in cases of wrongful death).

Obtaining Evidence

Collecting evidence for your medical malpractice case can be complex and laborious. It involves assembling information about you, your injuries, the defendant and their level of care, as well as any expert witnesses. Your attorney will work with you to determine what evidence is necessary and retain the appropriate experts to help prove your case.

Preparing Your Case

Once you have all of the information you need, your attorney will begin preparing your case by investigating the facts relevant to your case and finding any expert testimony that may be helpful. It is important for you to monitor this process and ensure that everything is done on your behalf. You will also be required to go to the doctor for medical tests and evaluations (both for your attorney’s use and yours).

 

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor function. It is a chronic, progressive illness with no cure, and it manifests as a result of the loss of neurons that secrete dopamine in a region of the brain known as the substantia nigra. Loss of these neurons causes reduced dopamine levels within this area and reduced dopamine levels seen throughout the brain. In turn, this decreased dopamine production leads to the major motor symptoms of the disease. Movement becomes difficult for those who have Parkinson’s due to two distinct features: akinesia and chorea.

Joon Faii Ong is a leading researcher on Parkinson’s Disease and knows the ins and outs of the disease better than most. He outlines the steps of the progression of the disease in this article today.

1. Symptoms

The first symptoms that a person experiences during the disease’s progression will typically involve changes in their motor function. There are three main types of motor symptoms: bradykinesia, resting tremor, and rigidity.

Symptoms such as bradykinesia (slowness of movement) result from the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the striatum and a loss of dopamine at a postsynaptic level. Humidity symptoms result from a lack of dopamine in the basal ganglia and an inability to repress agonist muscles while activating antagonist muscles during movement.

Finally, resting tremor is somewhat paradoxical given that Parkinson’s patients have decreased dopamine levels but experience involuntary shaking. This shaking occurs due to increased dopamine levels in the substantia nigra pars reticulate of these individuals.

2. Rigidity and Bradykinesia

The development of rigidity is a sign that motor symptoms are worsening which means that the disease has progressed to stage two or three on Joon Faii Ong’s scale. As time goes on, the patient may experience increased rigidity and bradykinesia (slow movement) symptoms.

3. Movement Disorders

As the disease progresses, patients will naturally begin to suffer from additional motor symptoms associated with Parkinson’s Disease. These can include gait freezing, postural instability, and impaired balance. In addition, patients may also begin to suffer from an impaired ability to formulate gestures and become increasingly emotional.

4. Stage Four

Stage four is the point at which patients are most severely affected by the disease regarding their motor system. By this time, patients experience severe pain in terms of both bradykinesia and rigidity symptoms. Patients may also become unresponsive to medication and experience a degree of immobility that inhibits their ability to care for themselves, making them reliant upon assistance.

5. Decline in Cognitive Functioning

It is common for those affected by Parkinson’s Disease to experience a decline in cognitive functioning as the disease progresses. This occurs due to the degeneration of brain regions responsible for memory, attention, and language. This type of decline is often visible in advanced PD patients as they begin to forget names, dates, and locations that they were previously familiar with.

6. Death

Eventually, those affected by Parkinson’s Disease will lose all life functions related to their autonomic nervous system (ANS). This means that patients will die of cardiovascular complications such as myocardial infarction and pneumonia.